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This image shows mouse muscle cells seen under a microscope. The cells have fused to form myotubes which have many nuclei (stained blue). The cells produced from mouse skeletal muscle stem cells with a harmless virus that made them glow green. The green color remained when the stem cells fused into myotubes. Some myotubes are stained red for a protein involved in muscle contraction (myosin heavy chain), a characteristic of mature muscle fibers. Researchers should use the same viral delivery system to genetically modify cells and assess how altering cell fusion impairs myotube growth.-stock-foto
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This cross section of regenerated muscle shows muscle stem cells (red) in their niche along muscle fibers (green). The blue dots are the DNA in the fiber nuclei. Researchers have found that injecting the molecule prostaglandin E2 into muscles after injury induces the division of muscle stem cells and accelerates regeneration. Prostaglandin E2 is an inflammatory molecule released in response to muscle injury or rigorous exercise.-stock-foto
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This is a scanning electron microscope image of traumatized muscle tissue taken from a wounded soldier. It shows a red blood cell (false color) entangled in a nanofibrous extracellular matrix. Highly fibrotic regions such as these are thought to precede bone formation during abnormal wound healing, leading to heterotopic ossification, the formation of bone in places outside the skeleton, such as soft tissues.-stock-foto
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Of the three muscle fibers shown here, the one on the right and the one on the left are normal. The middle fiber is deficient a large protein called nebulin (blue). Nebulin plays a number of roles in the structure and function of muscles, and its absence is associated with certain neuromuscular disorders.-stock-foto
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Adult-like heart tissue engineered from human pluripotent stem cells contains transverse tubules, the mark of maturity, visible on immunofluorescent images. Researchers can now use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to train an adult-like model of human heart muscle by introducing electrical and mechanical stimulation at an early stage. Since this muscle is similar to the adult heart, it could serve as a better model for testing the effects of drugs and toxic substances than current tissue-engineered heart models.-stock-foto
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Immature muscle cells fuse during development to form long muscle fibers with many nuclei. To identify the factors involved in the fusion process, the scientists studied fibroblast cells that do not fuse normally. As shown in the microscopic image, adding a gene that makes a protein called myomerger to fibroblasts causes them to fuse into clusters of fluorescently stained cell nuclei. The protein works in tandem with another protein, called myomaker, to cause fusion.-stock-foto
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Jellyfish are particularly good models for studying the evolution of embryonic tissue layers. Although they are primitive, jellyfish have a nervous system (colored in green here) and a musculature (red). Cell nuclei are stained blue. By studying the distribution of tissues in this simple organism, scientists can learn about the evolution of shapes and characteristics of various animals.-stock-foto
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This photograph depicts Drosophila melanogaster, better known as the fruit fly, in flight while tied with tungsten wires. Capable of flapping its wings 200 times per second, the fruit fly is a wonderful creature. By taking still photographs with exposure times on the order of a hundredth of a second, the mechanics of the wing flapping can be revealed. This image is part of a student project investigating mutations in myosin, a muscle protein that causes familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (a disease of the heart muscle).-stock-foto
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This is a microscopic view of lab-grown human muscle bundles, colored to show the patterns created by the basic muscle units and their associated proteins (red), which are a hallmark of human muscle. These lab-grown human muscle tissues allow researchers to test new drugs and study diseases in muscle tissue outside the human body.-stock-foto
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Diaphragmatic muscle from a dystrophin-deficient mouse treated with SU9516 showing nuclei (blue), myofibers (boxed in red) and regenerating muscle fibers (green).-stock-foto
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Intertwined muscle fibers of a rat's tongue. This complex muscular anatomy allows for the complex movements of the tongue necessary for vocalizations and swallowing.-stock-foto
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Pompe disease is a rare hereditary disease characterized by the deficiency of an enzyme called acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). One of the main features of Pompe disease is the progressive breakdown of communications between nerve and muscle cells. This image is of a leg muscle (tibialis anterior) from an adult mouse model of Pompe disease. Nerve cells (green) and cellular nerve-muscle communication sites, called neuromuscular junctions, (red) are fluorescently labeled to observe the continued deterioration of neuromuscular junctions.-stock-foto
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Researchers have determined that the TFIID protein complex controls the stem cell genes that repair skeletal muscle. This image shows differentiated human skeletal muscle fibers (myotubes, in green) protecting the MyoD protein (colored in red), which cooperates with TFIID to transform muscle stem cells into muscle tissue. Cell nuclei are stained blue. This discovery could help develop strategies that activate stem cells to repair muscles degenerated by aging or diseases like muscular dystrophy and cancer.-stock-foto
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Immunofluorescence image of actin bundles in muscle precursor cells called myoblasts. Actin is labeled with fluorescently labeled phalloidin, which is a toxin from the fungus Amanita phalloides. Nuclei are shown in blue.-stock-foto
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Embryonic smooth muscle cell. Immunofluorescence-labeled actin cytoskeleton (green) and vinculin in cell adhesions (blue). Confocal laser scanning microscopy.-stock-foto
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This image shows a normal fibroblast, a cell type common in connective tissue and frequently examined in research laboratories. Unlike the spiky version, this cell has a healthy skeleton composed of actin (red) and microtubules (green). Actin fibers contain like muscles to create tension and microtubules contain like bones to resist compression.-stock-foto
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In these images from Gabrielle Kardon's NIH-supported lab at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, you see the developing forelimb of a healthy mouse strain (top) compared to that of a mutant mouse strain with a stiff, abnormal gait (bottom).-stock-foto
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Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a cell infected with a variant strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, isolated from a patient sample. Image requested from the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Credit: NIAID-stock-foto
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Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a cell infected with a variant strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, isolated from a patient sample. Image requested from the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Credit: NIAID-stock-foto
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Contraction of microtubules. Top, microtubules (blue) in a resting cardiac muscle cell. Bottom, contracted microtubules (blue) in a moving cardiac muscle cell.-stock-foto
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Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a cell infected with a variant strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, isolated from a patient sample. Image requested from the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Credit: NIAID-stock-foto
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Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a cell infected with a variant strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, isolated from a patient sample. Image requested from the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Credit: NIAID-stock-foto
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Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a cell infected with a variant strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, isolated from a patient sample. Image requested from the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Credit: NIAID-stock-foto
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Muscle, scan-stock-foto
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Ventilatory polygraphy-stock-foto
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Ventilatory polygraphy-stock-foto
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Ventilatory polygraphy-stock-foto
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Neuromuscular spindle and proprioception: perception of the position of parts of the body.-stock-foto
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Anatomy of the eye and eyelid (viewed from 3/4) with iris, pupil.-stock-foto
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Anatomy of nasopharynx with nasal cavity, oral cavity.-stock-foto
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Anatomy of the eye and eyelid (viewed from 3/4) with iris, pupil.-stock-foto
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Anatomy of the eye and eyelid (viewed from 3/4) with iris, pupil.-stock-foto
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Anatomy of the eye and eyelid (viewed from 3/4) with iris, pupil.-stock-foto
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Use of the biceps and triceps for the arm flexion movement.-stock-foto
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Anatomy of nasopharynx with nasal cavity, oral cavity.-stock-foto
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Use of the biceps and triceps for the arm flexion movement.-stock-foto
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Anatomy of the eye and eyelid (viewed from 3/4) with iris, pupil.-stock-foto
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Diagram of the sugar cycle in a child's silhouette.-stock-foto
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Diagram of the sugar cycle in a child's silhouette.-stock-foto
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Scorched axillary hollow and lymph node chain. Cutaway view of the axillary hollow to show the axillary ganglion chain and its relationship to other elements of this region, blood vessels and muscle planes. Zoom of the axillary and thoracic lymph node chain in a woman's bust.-stock-foto
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