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WESTWOOD, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, USA - OCTOBER 01: Harry Gregson-Williams arrives at the World Premiere Of Netflix's 'Animals' held at Westwood Village Theater on October 1, 2026 in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, United States. (Photo by Xavier Collin/Image Press Agency)-stock-foto
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WESTWOOD, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, USA - OCTOBER 01: Harry Gregson-Williams arrives at the World Premiere Of Netflix's 'Animals' held at Westwood Village Theater on October 1, 2026 in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, United States. (Photo by Xavier Collin/Image Press Agency)-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting a Union Pacific Railroad train crossing a massive timber trestle bridge near Sherman, Wyoming. Formed as part of the First Transcontinental Railroad, the Union Pacific line reached its highest elevation at Sherman, necessitating complex engineering works to navigate the rugged terrain of the Laramie Mountains. The locomotive is shown with a balloon smokestack, typical of mid-19th-century wood-burning engines used during the early years of transcontinental travel. c.1870.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922) demonstrating his telephone during a public lecture at Lyceum Hall in Salem, Massachusetts. On 12 February 1877, the Scottish-born American inventor conducted a successful long-distance communication with his assistant, Thomas A. Watson, who was stationed eighteen miles away in Boston. The upper illustration shows Bell addressing a large audience in Salem, while the lower panel depicts the remote transmission from Boston, representing a pivotal moment in the history of telecommunications. 1890.-stock-foto
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A photograph depicting Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922), the Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and engineer credited with patenting the first practical telephone in 1876. Following his revolutionary work in telecommunications, Bell co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company and pursued further scientific advancements in aeronautics and medical research. This portrait captures the eminent inventor in his later years. 1907.-stock-foto
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An engraving by Henri Thiriat (1843-1926) depicting the Scottish-born American inventor Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) inaugurating the 1,520-kilometre telephone link between New York and Chicago. Seated at a desk and surrounded by a group of observers, Bell spoke into a transmitter to mark the formal opening of the long-distance service on 18 October. This achievement represented a significant milestone in the history of telecommunications, successfully connecting two major American urban centres by voice for the first time. 1892.-stock-foto
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A photograph depicting Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922), the Scottish-born American scientist, inventor, and engineer credited with the invention of the telephone. Having spent much of his career researching hearing and speech due to his mother and wife both being deaf, Bell's experimentation with hearing devices eventually culminated in his 1876 patent for the first practical telephone. Beyond his telecommunications work, he was a co-founder of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) and conducted significant research into hydrofoils and aeronautics. c.1876.-stock-foto
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An engraving depicting the process of ice harvesting on the Hudson River near New York where workers and horse-drawn cutters extract blocks from the frozen surface. Large multi-storey insulated warehouses positioned along the riverbank served to store the ice for distribution during the warmer summer months, reflecting the significance of the natural ice industry for urban food preservation before the advent of mechanical refrigeration. New York. 1875.-stock-foto
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A chromolithograph trade card for the Fairbank Canning Company, Chicago, Illinois, advertising their "Lion Brand" cooked corned beef. The illustration features an anthropomorphic lion wearing a bowler hat, waistcoat, and trousers, holding a branding iron with the word "LION" over a small stove. In the background, cattle are depicted entering a large abattoir and canning factory, reflecting the industrial scale of the meatpacking district in Chicago during the late nineteenth century. c.1890.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving titled 'Dining Car on the Union Pacific Railway' depicting the luxurious interior of a passenger carriage where guests are served meals while in transit. Following the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in May 1869, the introduction of specialised dining carriages represented a significant advancement in American travel, offering comfort and convenience on long-distance journeys across the Western United States. 1870.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving titled 'American Sketches: Sunday on the Union Pacific Railway' depicting passengers singing hymns and sacred songs around a Weber harmonium within a luxurious railway carriage. As transcontinental rail travel became more established in the United States following the completion of the line in 1869, railway companies introduced parlour and palace cars that allowed wealthy travellers to maintain social and religious routines. This scene captures the Victorian preoccupation with piety. 1875.-stock-foto
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An engraving depicting the electric torchlight procession in New York, where marchers wore helmets fitted with Edison incandescent lamps powered by a horse-drawn generating truck located in the centre of the parade. This spectacular display served as both a political demonstration and a showcase for the practical applications of Thomas Edison's (1847–1931) incandescent light technology, featuring hundreds of men connected by wires to a mobile steam-powered dynamo. 1884.-stock-foto
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An engraving depicting the American physicist and inventor Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931) experimenting with electric lamps in his laboratory while his wedding guests and his bride look on from a viewing area. The image illustrates a popular anecdote regarding Edison's singular focus on his work, suggesting that he returned to his experiments shortly after his marriage to Mary Stilwell in 1871. This illustration reflects the global celebrity status of Edison and the public's interest in the development of incandescent lighting during the late nineteenth century. 1883.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting an escalator system at the Pennsylvania Railroad Company's Cortlandt Street Station in New York City. Utilizing the Reno-Cail system, this electrically powered inclined elevator measured 13 metres in length with an elevation of 6 metres. Jesse W. Reno's 'inclined elevator' was a pioneering form of vertical transport, featuring a continuous moving belt of slats that allowed passengers to ascend while standing still. The illustration displays both the external operation within the station and a detailed technical cutaway of the mechanical drive system. 1893.-stock-foto
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An engraving depicting the original Ferris Wheel, designed by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (1859–1896), at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Intended as a rival to the Eiffel Tower of the 1889 Paris Exposition, the structure served as the landmark attraction of the Midway Plaisance and reached a height of approximately eighty metres. The wheel comprised thirty-six passenger cars, each designed to hold sixty passengers, and is depicted here surrounded by dense crowds of spectators amidst the fair's various international pavilions. 1893.-stock-foto
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A lithograph depicting the Centennial International Exhibition held at Fairmount Park in Philadelphia. The expansive grounds feature the Machinery Hall and the Main Exhibition Building as the primary architectural focal points in the centre. In the foreground, a diverse crowd of visitors, including those on horseback and in carriages, navigate the fairgrounds. The upper portion of the composition displays an allegorical representation of United States history within the clouds, featuring the arrival of Christopher Columbus (c.1451–1506), William Penn (1644–1718) negotiating with Indigenous peo-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting Thomas Edison’s (1847–1931) carbon telephone, showing the sending and receiving apparatus with a battery box at the base and a call bell mechanism at the top. The invention utilised a solid metal diaphragm and carbon transmitter to vary electrical resistance, significantly improving audio quality and transmission distance over earlier magneto-telephone systems. This illustration of the telephonic equipment was published in New York. 1890.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting the technical components of the carbon telephone, also known as the loud-speaking telephone, invented by Thomas Edison (1847–1931). This apparatus improved upon early telephonic technology by using a carbon transmitter and a rotating chalk cylinder to amplify sound signals for clearer long-distance communication. The detailed diagram includes sections of the receiver, the switchboard, and the transmitter assembly, highlighting the mechanical complexity of the late nineteenth-century invention. 1879.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting an Edison telephone housed in a wall-mounted box. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) significantly improved early telecommunications with the invention of the carbon transmitter, which allowed for clearer voice transmission than previous designs. This specific model features a funnel-shaped microphone on the left, a receiver on the right, and a hand-cranked magneto to signal the telephone exchange. A central plaque provides the user with 'Imperative Rules' for the correct operation of the equipment. 1890.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving by Henri Gerlier depicting two telephone subscribers in New York making calls through an operator at a telephone exchange. The apparatus shown features an Edison transmitter and a 'pony-crown' receiver, which the subscriber on the right holds to his ear while using a wall-mounted unit. This illustration demonstrates the early practical application of telephonic technology shortly after its commercial introduction, a period marked by rapid innovation and intense competition between the various electrical systems developed by Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell. 1883.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting a telephone apparatus available to New York subscribers, which utilised an Edison transmitter and a 'pony crown' receiver. The wall-mounted assembly includes a signal bell, a small slanted desk for a notepad, and exposed coiled wiring typical of early telecommunication infrastructure. This model illustrates the transition in telephone design during the rapid industrialisation of the United States towards the end of the nineteenth century as the Bell Telephone Company expanded its urban networks. c.1891.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting a wall-mounted Edison carbon telephone, featuring a pony-crown receiver and a carbon transmitter. Developed by Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931), the device incorporated his carbon-button transmitter, which significantly enhanced the clarity and range of telephonic communication compared to previous electromagnetic designs. This configuration includes a built-in writing slope and paper for taking messages, reflecting the practical requirements of late 19th-century business and domestic use. 1879.-stock-foto
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A photograph depicting Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919), the Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, he emigrated to the United States as a child and eventually built the Carnegie Steel Company into a dominant industrial force. Following the sale of his business to J.P. Morgan in 1901, he turned his attention to large-scale philanthropy, funding thousands of public libraries and establishing numerous foundations for education and international peace. This portrait is based on an-stock-foto
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A caricature depicting the industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919). Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry before dedicating his fortune to public works, particularly the establishment of thousands of public libraries. This cartoon by Carlo de Fornaro depicts him perched on a stack of large books, referencing his reputation as a patron of education and literacy. The biblical inscription at the top and the industrial crest reflect the contemporary public perception of his immense wealth and charitable legacy. 1903.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting railway workers rioting at Martinsburg on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. The industrial action began in July 1877 when the company announced its third wage cut in a single year, sparking a spontaneous protest that spread across several states. Strikers blocked freight trains and engaged in violent skirmishes with the West Virginia Guard, eventually leading to the first use of federal troops to suppress a labour strike in American history. The conflict saw workers refusing to move trains until their previous wages were restor-stock-foto
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A wood engraving titled "On the Pacific Railway: A Scene in the Sierra Nevada Mountains" depicting a Central Pacific Railroad train as it is cheered by a group of railroad workers, including numerous Chinese labourers. This illustration highlights the significant contribution of Chinese immigrants to the construction and maintenance of the First Transcontinental Railroad through the treacherous Sierra Nevada range. The steam engine pulls baggage cars marked Central Pacific RR past workers standing in the snow near a tunnel or snow shed entrance. c.1875.-stock-foto
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A coloured engraving depicting North American Indians who had left their reservation to attack a train on the Southern Pacific Railroad in Arizona. This sensationalised scene reflects the European fascination with the American Frontier, which was frequently dramatised in the foreign press long after the primary conflicts of the Indian Wars had concluded. The illustration portrays a chaotic battle between warriors on horseback and a moving steam locomotive, representing the clash between traditional indigenous life and the rapid expansion of industrial technology. 1906.-stock-foto
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A colour-printed wood engraving depicting James Abram Garfield (1831–1881), the twentieth President of the United States. Garfield, a former Union General and congressman, assumed office in March 1881, but his tenure lasted only two hundred days before his death. He was shot by an assassin at a Washington rail station in July and died several months later due to infection and surgical complications. This commemorative portrait, set within an ornate oval border and identifying him as the late president, was published to mark his passing. 1881.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting the interior of a Pullman sleeping car on the Union Pacific Railroad. George Pullman's designs introduced unprecedented luxury to American rail travel, featuring heavy velvet curtains, plush upholstery with floral wreaths, and ornate coffered ceilings. These carriages were integral to the growth of long-distance transport following the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in May 1869, providing high-end accommodation for travellers crossing the continent. c.1869.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting various views of the opening of the Great Suspension Bridge between New York and Brooklyn, commonly known as the Brooklyn Bridge. Designed by John Augustus Roebling (1806–1869) and completed by his son Washington Augustus Roebling (1837–1926), the structure was the longest suspension bridge in the world upon its completion. 1883.-stock-foto
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An engraving depicting workers on a suspended wooden platform applying a protective wire wrapping to one of the four main suspension cables of the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City. Created by illustrator William P. Snyder and published in Harper's Weekly, the image documents the final stages of constructing the East River crossing designed by John Augustus Roebling (1806–1869) and overseen by his son Washington Augustus Roebling (1837–1926). Each massive cable was composed of more than five thousand individual steel strands. At its inauguration, the bridge was the longest suspension bridge in-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting E. F. Farrington (1830–1913), the master mechanic of the Brooklyn Bridge project, as he made the first crossing of the East River on a wire cable in 1876 to inspire confidence in the structure's safety. The bridge was designed by John Augustus Roebling (1806–1869) and completed under the supervision of his son, Washington Augustus Roebling (1837–1926). 1883.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting Edward Francis Farrington (1824–1889), the master mechanic of the Brooklyn Bridge, crossing the East River on a boatswain's chair suspended from the first wire cable. This demonstration, conducted on 25 August 1876, was intended to reassure workers and the public of the safety and stability of the suspension cables during the construction of the bridge, which was designed by John Augustus Roebling (1806–1869) and completed by his son Washington Augustus Roebling (1837–1926). c.1900.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving by William Penn Snyder (1867–1948) and Thomas Johnson (1843–1904) depicting a worker adding hops to a large boiling kettle within an American brewery. During the late nineteenth century, the American brewing industry underwent rapid industrialisation, shifting from artisanal craft to large-scale mechanical production. This work provides a detailed visual record of the brewing process in the United States prior to the introduction of national Prohibition. 1885.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting a brewery worker filling wooden barrels in an American brewery. During the late nineteenth century, the American brewing industry underwent significant expansion and modernisation as brewers moved from local artisanal production to large-scale industrialised operations. 1885.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting workers on a malting floor in an American brewery. The labourers are shown manually turning germinating grain with shovels to manage the temperature and aeration of the barley, a critical stage in the malting process. This traditional floor malting technique required significant manual effort and large ventilated spaces before the advent of mechanical pneumatic malting systems in the late nineteenth century. 1885.-stock-foto
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A wood engraving depicting the interior of a fermenting cellar in an American brewery, where workers are shown monitoring the fermentation process in large wooden vats. These industrial cellars were essential components of the expanding late 19th-century American brewing industry, facilitating the large-scale production of beer through the use of massive fermentation vessels. 1885.-stock-foto
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A lithograph titled 'The Modern Colossus of (Rail) Roads' depicting William Henry Vanderbilt (1821–1885), who greatly extended his father Cornelius's railroad interests, standing as a Colossus and puppet-master over the American railroad. This satirical cartoon by Joseph Keppler (1838–1894) features the railroad 'giants' Vanderbilt, Jay Gould (1836–1892), and Cyrus West Field (1819–1892) manipulating the tracks and trains with reins, illustrating their monopolistic control over the nation's transportation during the Gilded Age. 1879.-stock-foto
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A photograph looking across the rooftops of Lower Manhattan towards New York harbour. The scene captures the industrial character of the city at the end of the nineteenth century, featuring the prominent neo-Gothic spire of Trinity Church and a large sign for the American Bank Note Company. This perspective was recorded during a period when the city's skyline was still dominated by church spires rather than the massive skyscrapers that would define the following century. c.1893.-stock-foto
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A photograph depicting a panoramic view over New York Harbour from Lower Manhattan, featuring the prominent Washington Building at 1 Broadway on the right. Originally constructed in 1882 for Cyrus West Field (1819–1892), the building stood as a monumental gateway to the city's financial district and overlooked the bustling maritime activity of the Battery. c.1893.-stock-foto
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