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Endocrine glands in children-stock-foto
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Parathyroid glands-stock-foto
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Thyroid, and parathyroids glands front and back view on white background. Thyroid, trachea and larynx. Vector diagram. Medical illustration.-stock-foto
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THYROID, ILLUSTRATION-stock-foto
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HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, X-RAY-stock-foto
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HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, X-RAY-stock-foto
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HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, X-RAY-stock-foto
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HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, X-RAY-stock-foto
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ENDOCRINE GLAND, ILLUSTRATION-stock-foto
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ENDOCRINE GLAND, ILLUSTRATION-stock-foto
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Location of the parathyroid gland.-stock-foto
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. The endocrine organs; an introduction to the study of internal secretion . he thyroid,1 but usually in man both areclosely attached to it. The upper of the parathyroids may be completelyembedded in the substance of the thyroid (fig. 13). The parathyroids were described by Sandstrom in 1880. Their plwsio-logical independence and distinction from the thyroid proper was first re-cognised by Gley in 1891, and confirmed by Vassale and Generali in 1896,but is not fully accepted by Forsyth, Vincent, and some other authorities. 1 This is constantly the case, as Gley pointed out, in the rabbit, and p-stock-foto
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Location of the parathyroid gland.-stock-foto
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. Internal secretions from a physiological and therapeutical standpoint. ism the hypophysisis enlarged, as has been shown by Ponfick,Dolega and others. Parhon and Golstein and Pepere found thatextirpation of the parathyroids had an influenceupon the hypophysis which enlarges and thechromophiles are very numerous (Fig 13). Is Acromegaly a Hyperhypophysy?—PierreMarie first pointed out that in acromegaly youhave a disease of the pituitary and held it wasdue to a hypohypophysy. Tamburni and BendabeUeved it was hyperhypophysy, an excess ofchromophile cells being present. Hochnegg,in a case of acrom-stock-foto
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. The diseases of infancy and childhood. , the new condition providing the necessary irritation to makethe tetany active. Thus, tetany is seen with acute diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract, pneumonia and the acute infectious diseases. There are no characteristic pathological changes other than those o{the associated rickets. In a certain proportion of the cases alterations inthe parathyroids are found. One or more of the four glands may beenlarged and red as a result of extravasation, or the changes may onlybe evident under the microscope and consist in small hemorrhages, andthe remains o-stock-foto
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. Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences. tances the epithelium cells appear quite distinct fromthe colloid, and stain differently from it. There is, in point of fact, a w^ell-marked boundary between the cytoplasm of the cell and the colloid sub-stance, and it is probable that the other appearance is due to the junctionbetween the two being cut obliquely. With regard to the parathyroids. As was stated by Christian! (10)and by Erdheim (11), there is usually in the rat only one parathyroid 342 Kojima on each side, embedded in the upper third of the thyroid subs-stock-foto
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Nervous and mental diseases . f aslight degree. Schiefferdecker and Schultze2 find the muscle fibers,fibrillar, and nerve spindles diseased, but no change in the nerves.Catola3 has described changes in the muscles indicating a toxic chronicnodular myositis, and occasionally patients do complain of tender mus-cular thickenings. C. D. Camp4 calls prominent attention to the para-thyroids and suggests that their disease gives rise to the muscle changesthrough an auto-toxic effect. In 1897 the author treated many cases withdesiccated parathyroids prepared in the Armour Laboratory, but withoutapprec-stock-foto
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. Principles of modern biology. Biology. TRACHEA GROSS VIEW Fig. 22-3. Thyroid gland: structure and position. MICROSCOPIC VIEW The thyroid arises in all vertebrate em- bryos as an outgrowth from the floor of the pharynx. All vertebrates also possess para- thyroid glands (p. 405), which arise from the wall of the pharynx. In many species the parathyroids lie some distance from the thy- roid, but in man the parathyroids are four small bean-shaped bodies, embedded in the thyroid tissue. The importance of the thyroid was sus- pected even in ancient times; but in 1885 replacement experiments gave d-stock-foto
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Manual of pathology : including bacteriology, the technic of postmortems, and methods of pathologic research . mer. Jour, of Anat.. Dec. 1Q04. p. 77. Forrecent review of physiology of the thyroid and parathyroids see Vincent and Jolly.Jour, of Physiol.. 1904. xxxiii. p. 65; also Kishi, Virchows Arch.. 1904, Bd.176, p. 260. 776 SPECIAL PATHOLOGY. roid tissue are sometimes present. Aberrant masses of thyroid tissueare occasionally observed; they may be along the track of the thyro-glossal duct, in the tracheal submucosa (p. 575), in the submaxillaryregion, on the floor of the mouth, in the media-stock-foto
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. Comparative anatomy. Anatomy, Comparative. CHAPTER 12 THE ENDOCRINAL ORGANS One problem of a living organism is to get its organs to work together. In fact, the difference between a living creature and a dead one is that the living organism is integrated and the dead is not. Moreover, the more complex an organism, the more difficult it is to secure functional correlation among its different but interdependent parts, and the more complicated is the mechanism which accomplishes this end. PITUITARY -PARATHYROIDS ,â^r^l THYMUS PANCREATIC ISLANDS. GONAD -â âV Fig. 373.âThe endocrinal glands in ma-stock-foto
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. Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. 332 CHORDATE ANATOMY lie dorsal to the thyroid, but may be occasionally enclosed within its connective-tissue capsule. This relation, however, is purely topographical; there is no functional similarity. Their blood supply is from the inferior thyroid arteries. Unlike the thyroids, the parathyroids are formed of masses and cords of polygonal epithelial cells, among which numerous blood-vessels are interspersed. Colloid-filled follicles are rare; but they multiply in number when the thyroid is removed, and may take over the function of the thyr-stock-foto
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. The thyroid gland in health and disease. rk of fibroblasts, the meshesof which were filled with degenerating parenchyma cells. Colloidwas wholly absent except in a few scattered vesicles. Theseappearances are seen in fig. 51, and are well brought out bycomparison with the control animals gland (fig. 52). I did notat the time realize the importance of the observation, and failedto examine the parathyroids. [10.] With this preliminaxy consideration of the results of experi-ments in animals, we may now proceed to inqun-e how far theyaccount for the occurrence and course of the congenital mani-f-stock-foto
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Status of the endocrine glands in the female and male bodies.-stock-foto
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. Biology and man. Biology; Human beings. f^v Parathyroids. Thymus Adrenals Pineal body Pituitary, or hypophysis Thyroid, or "shieldlike" gland. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Gruenberg, Benjamin C. (Benjamin Charles), 1875-1965; Bingham, N. Eldred (Nelson Eldred), 1901-. Boston, New York, [etc. ] Ginn and company-stock-foto
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. Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. CHAPTER 12 THE ENDOCRINAL ORGANS One necessity of a living organism is that its organs should work together. In fact, a difference between a living creature and a dead one is that the Uving organism is integrated and the dead is not. More- over, the more complex an organism, the more difficult it is to secure functional correlation among its different but interdependent parts, and the more complicated is the mechanism which accomplishes this end. -PITUITARY -PARATHYROIDS DUODENUM—/. PANCREATIC ^ A" I SUANDS Fu,. 288.—The endocrinal gland-stock-foto
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Human physiology . ng (Fig. 4). It follows that in excising the thyroid body in man by the subcapsular method, the inferior or outer para- thyroids are easily left in situ — a fact which, as we shall see, is of great clinical and physiological importance. The inner (or superior) parathyroids are situated on the internalsurface, towards the upper pole of the thyroid lobes, with whichthey are intimately connected, since they are wrapt in a commonsheath of connective capsular tissue, and sometimes lie in thedepth of the thyroid substance. In surgical thyroidectomy thesemust obviously be excised a-stock-foto
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Endocrine System. Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, ovaries, testes-stock-foto
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Surgical treatment; a practical treatise on the therapy of surgical diseases for the use of practitioners and students of surgery . EPITHELIAL B0DIE5 ,lNF THYROID ART5. Fig. 1085.—Operation for Double Goiter. Diagram showing segments of thyroid to be resected and result after closure of wounds. All arteries are tied excepting a large branch of the superior thyroid on either side. The results of the operation are good, provided adequate thyroid tissuehas been left, the parathyroids have not been removed, the recurrentlaryngeal nerves not damaged, and the operation conducted with surgicalcirc-stock-foto
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. The endocrine organs; an introduction to the study of internal secretion . e,1908; L. Lannoy, Thi/roides, Parathyroides, Thymus, 1914. For the parathyroids, seeD. A. Welsh, Journ. Anat., 1898 ; D. Forsyth, Trans. Path. Sue., 1907 ; and Guleke, Chirurgieder Nebenschilddrusen, 1913. r/tyro/cf FIG. 2.— Diagram to illustrate the origin of the cleft organs(thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, etc.) in the mammalianembryo. I, II, III IV, branchial pouches; Parathiir.iii, origin of lowerparathyroid from cephalic aspect of third poiu-h ; Parathyr.iv,origin of upper parathyroid from cephalic aspect of four-stock-foto
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. Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences. MCallum and others). The internal are embedded in the thyroidsubstance, lying either in the upper or middle third of each lateral lobe.Both the internal and external parathyroids have a compact appearance,consisting of small epithelium-like cells. Their nuclei are about 5/x indiameter, and contain fine granules of chromatin. The blood-vessels areconvoluted. Xo vesicular arrangement of the cells is apparent. A thincapsule of connective tissue surrounds each parathyroid and separates theinternal parathyroid from the thy-stock-foto
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. Transactions of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association. hage, and relieves the trachea of pressurefrom the weight of the tumor. The vessels can now be clamped as the elevated goitrelifts them away from the surface of the capsule (Figs. 10and 11). The capsule adherent to the posterior structures isthus separated from the vessels and there is no danger of thenerve being included with the vessels or any danger ofinjuring the parathyroids. Occasionally when the enlargedlobe extends high up in the neck, it is better to place asecond small volsellum forceps on the upper part and maket-stock-foto
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Major glands of the endocrine system. Pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and-stock-foto
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. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Anatomy. 1440 THE DVCrLESS GLANDS Structure.—The structure of the parathyroids is different frora that of the thyroid. They are composed of groups of epithehal ceils arranged in a chain-Iilie fasliion with numerous inter- vening capillaries. There is a certain type of cell, but the form varies. These variations result from changes due to episodes of rest and activity (Verebely). MacCallum's studies seem to lead to the same conclusion. Thomson' states that he finds only one type of cell in the infant gland, and that in the adult there is primarily but one typ-stock-foto
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. The endocrine organs; an introduction to the study of internal secretion . FIG. 3.—Section of thyroid (cat). Magnified 300 diameters. lymphocytes, whilst others are not unlike those of the parathyroids,although the identity has not been established. There are also verynumerous blood-vessels, the thyroid being one of the most vascular organsin the body; it receives in proportion to its sizemore than five times as much blood as thekidneys. The capillaries form a close networkaround each vesicle, giving a characteristic ap-pearance to an injected specimen (fig. 4): theycome into immediate conta-stock-foto
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. National Eclectic Medical Association quarterly. Fig. 2.—Mrs. A., of Quincy, O. Measurement around neck. 32^ inche. Fig. 3.—Extent of dissection in Mrs. A. The paratyroids, showing righl side of wound SURGERY OF THE THYROID GLAND. 199 manifested. I left the parathyroids and a little of the posterior part of theright gland. The illustration (Fig. 4) shows the severed tissue ready for suturing.This patient made an uninterrupted recovery, leaving the hospital withinthree weeks following operation. There was no manifestation of any spe-cial lesion in her case until some six months after the oper-stock-foto
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. Calcified tissues; proceedings. Bone; Collagen; Calcification. The Two Faces of Resorption ^'m^^ amount of calcium (about 15 gm/day/horse) and an excessive amount of phosphorus (about, 3V2 times as much). The animals were killed after periods of 4, 7, 10, 12 and 30 weeks of abnormal feeding. The clinical observations have been similar to those already published by Krook and Lowe (1964). After 4 weeks, very minor signs of osteitis fibrosa were present but the parathyroids were enlarged about 3 times. After 8 weeks, extremely severe osteitis fibrosa was recognized and in the colourful language-stock-foto
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Thyroid and parathyroid glands.-stock-foto
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. The endocrine organs; an introduction to the study of internal secretion . ealing not with a parathyroidbut with an accessory thyroid. The parathyroids usually remain unaltered in myxoedema :Forsyth has, however, described one case which was an exception to this rule (Trans. Clin./Soc., 1907). Biedl has also recorded the development of colloid-containing vesicles in theparathyroid in a case of atrophy of the thyroid in man. Development of Parathyroids 21 itself take on a similar appearance, becoming large and irregular (fig. 16).In this case there is also seen a multiplication of intervesicu-stock-foto
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Endocrine system. Parathyroids, Thyroid, Pituitary, Pineal, Adrenal gland, Testicle, Ovary, Pancreas, Thymus, Hypothalamus.-stock-foto
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. The thyroid gland in health and disease. birth, since the offspring of thecontrol rats and of those receiving aerobic cultures were whollyfree from them. The lesions were of a constant character andaffected the internal (those included in the thyroid) (figs. 67-69),as well as the external parathyroids where these were present. The changes consisted in engorgement of the vessels of theglandule and of haemorrhage into it, which destroyed large portionsof its substance (figs. 67, 69), and which, had the animals beenallowed to survive, would have led to their complete or partialfibrosis. While i-stock-foto
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